Iyo uhagaze iruhande rw'ikibuga cy'amazi, cyangwa ukareba hejuru ukareba igishwi kiguruka — ese wigeze wibaza uti: iyi miterere y'ubuzima busanzwe yigeze kubaho ku ngoma ya dinosaur? Ni "ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima" bisangiye umubumbe wacu, "abakomoka" nyakuri bo mu gihe cya dinosaur. Uyu munsi, reka tumenye aba "baturanyi ba dinosaur" bamaze imyaka amagana n'amagana kandi baracyabana natwe.
Urubyaro rwa kera rw'ibimera
Cycads zari ingenzi cyane ku rutonde rw'ibinyabuzima bya dinosaur. Inkomoko yazo ishobora gukomoka mu gihe cya Devonian, mu myaka igera kuri miliyoni 350 ishize. Ibisigazwa byinshi bya cycads byabonetse muri iki gihe ni ibya Permian, ariko byageze ku rwego rw'isi mu gihe cya Mesozoic, kuva kuri Triassic kugeza kuri Cretaceous. Amababi yazo akomeye, afite ubwoya n'ibiti bikungahaye kuri sitashi byatangaga ingufu nyinshi kuri dinosaur nyinshi nini zirya ibyatsi. Mu duce tw'ibinyabuzima bya dinosaur hirya no hino mu Bushinwa - harimo na Zigong na Gansu - abahanga mu bya siyansi bakunze kuvumbura ibisigazwa by'ibibabi bya cycads byabitswe hamwe n'ibirenge bya dinosaur n'amagufwa.
Ginkgo ni umugani mu bwami bw'ibimera - ubwoko bwayo, urutonde rwayo, umuryango wayo, n'ubwoko bwayo birimo ubwoko bumwe gusa: Ginkgo biloba, ifite ubuzima bwonyine. Ginkgo yagaragaye bwa mbere mu myaka igera kuri miliyoni 345 ishize mu gihe cya Carboniferous kandi yari ikwirakwiriye ku isi hose mu gihe cya Mesozoic. Mu bisigazwa bya kera bya Jehol Biota byavumbuwe mu Ntara ya Liaoning, amababi ya ginkgo yabonetse ashyinguwe hamwe n'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa dinosaure zifite amababa n'inyoni za kera. Kurokoka kwa ginkgo kugeza uyu munsi biterwa no kwihangana kwayo gukomeye: ibinyabutabire mu mababi yayo birwanya udukoko n'indwara, mu gihe urwego rwo hanze rw'imbuto zayo rurimo ibintu birwanya bagiteri. Mu mpera z'umuhindo, ayo mababi y'izahabu, ameze nk'umufana ni indamukanyo yoherezwa mu myaka amagana na miriyoni.
Metasequoia (umuseke utukura), Sequoia (inkombe itukura), Sequoiadendron (sequoia nini), n'ubwoko bwinshi bwa cypress, byose bifite abakurambere ba kera bakuriye hamwe na dinosaur. Muri Pariki y'Igihugu izwi cyane ya Petrified Forest mu burengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ibiti binini bya petrified byatangiye mu gihe cya Triassic - igihe dinosaure zatangiraga kuzamuka. Ibi biti birebire byagize imiterere y'ishyamba ry'ibanze aho dinosaure zabaga. Ivumburwa rya Metasequoia mu Ntara ya Hubei, mu Bushinwa, mu 1941 ryari ritangaje cyane - ryitwa "ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima" kuko abahanga mu bya siyansi bizeraga ko byazimye, bizwi gusa mu nyandiko y'ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima.
Imibanire y'amaraso ya kera mu bwami bw'inyamaswa
Ingona zo muri iki gihe, ingwe, n'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa gharial zisa cyane mu miterere no mu mibereho yazo nk'uko abakurambere bazo bo mu bwoko bwa Cretaceous babibona. Urugero, Sarcosuchus izwi cyane yabayeho muri Afurika mu myaka igera kuri miliyoni 110 ishize, igera ku burebure bwa metero 12 kandi ihagaze nk'inyamaswa ikomeye mu gihe cyayo. Ingamba zabo zo guhiga mu buryo bworoshye mu mazi no mu buryo bwo guhiga zagaragaye ko ari "igishushanyo mbonera" cyagenze neza cyane, cyagiye kinyura mu mpinduka zikomeye mu bidukikije. Umutima w'iyi ngona ufite ibice bine n'imiterere yayo yihariye ni ibintu byayifashije kurokoka irimbuka ryinshi mu myaka miliyoni 66 ishize.
Tuatara, ituye ku birwa bike bya Nouvelle-Zélande, ni yo yonyine yarokotse ihagarariye umuryango wa Rhynchocephalia. Iri tsinda ryari ritandukanye cyane mu gihe cya Triassic, ryabanye n'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa dinosaur za kera. Umuvuduko w'ubwihindurize bwa tuatara wagiye ugabanuka cyane - imiterere y'agahanga kayo n'ijisho rya gatatu rya "parietal" (urugingo rubona urumuri) bisa hafi n'ibya ba sekuruza bayo bo mu myaka miliyoni 200 ishize. Kwiga tuatara ni nko kwitegereza mu idirishya rizima inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa dinosaur za kera.
Nubwo ziba mu nyanja, kubaho kw'inka zo mu bwoko bwa horseshoe ni igitangaza. Ziri mu bwoko bwa Chelicerata, bigatuma zifitanye isano ya hafi n'ibitagangurirwa na sikorupiyo kuruta uko ziba mu bwoko bw'inka. Ibisigazwa by'inka zo mu bwoko bwa horseshoe byakomotse ku bwoko bwa Ordovician, kandi imiterere y'inka zo mu bwoko bwa horseshoe ya none yashinzwe mu myaka miliyoni 200 ishize. Amaraso yazo y'ubururu yihariye (arimo iyoni z'umuringa) ni ingenzi cyane mu gupima kwa muganga. Nubwo dinosaure zategekaga igihugu, abakurambere b'inka zo mu bwoko bwa horseshoe bazengurukaga mu nyanja ntoya - kandi baracyafite imiterere imwe na n'ubu.
Izi "duce duturanye na dinosaur" ni ibintu bitangaje gusa. Ni ububiko bw'amateka y'ihindagurika ry'Isi. Muri genome zabo, imikorere y'ibinyabuzima, n'uruhare rwabo mu bidukikije ni byo bituma dusobanukirwa ingamba zo guhindura ubuzima bwa kera. Muri icyo gihe, benshi muri bo bahura n'ibibazo bya none nko kwangiza aho batuye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Kubirinda bivuze kurinda ubuzima budasanzwe, bukiri mu nzira.
Ubutaha uzakurikira imitsi y'ikibabi cya ginkgo, cyangwa utangarira isura ya kera y'ingona, ibuka ko uzaba ukoze ku mutima ubuka ibintu bizima byabayeho mu gihe cy'ingoma ya dinosaur. Bari hano, baba iruhande rwacu, batubwira inkuru y'uburebure bw'igihe n'ubushobozi bwo kwihangana mu buzima.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Nyakanga-2026
